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http://www.electrostatics.net/articles/static_shocks.htm
Many people ask about shocks experienced when they touch the door, filing cabinet, lift, or other metal object. Static electricity is generated whenever
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two materials are in contact with each other. All materials are made of electrical charges in the material atoms. In the universe there are equal amounts of negative electrical charge (electrons) and positive charge (protons). These generally try to stay in balance of equal amounts at every location. However, when two materials are in contact, some of the charges redistribute by moving from one material to the other. This leaves an excess of positive charge on one material, and an equal negative charge on the other. When the materials move apart, each takes it's charge with it. One material becomes charged positively, and the other negatively. If the materials are able to conduct electricity away the charges will dissipate and eventually recombine. In this case, static electricity effects may be too small to be noticed. However, if the
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http://www.electrostatics.net/ESD_Guide/welcome.htm
Welcome to The ESD Guide! Newsflash: A new version of the 61340-5-1 and 61340-5-2 documents were published at IEC during August 2007. These are expected
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to replace the current versions as European and British standards this year (2007). We will be updating this ESD Guide soon. How to use The ESD Guide The ESD Guide gives an introduction to the main requirements of the EN 61340-5-1 Electrostatics. Protection of electronic devices from electrostatic phenomena - General Requirements and it's User Guide EN 61340-5-2. We've also included some background information as to the principles behind these standards. These documents are standards in Europe and have replaced EN100015. They are available in the UK as BS EN 61340-5-1:2001 and BS EN 61340-5-2:2001. (See where to get 61340-5-1 & 2 ). These two BS ENs are technically identical to the original IEC documents. Whilst The ESD Guide gives many of the key requirements and recommendations, it is not comprehensive and we recommend that you obtai
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http://www.electrostatics.net/
electrostatics.net is the on-line presence of Electrostatic Solutions Ltd, the UK based static electricity R&D and consultancy centre. Please browse around,
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and get in touch if we can be of assistance.
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http://www.electrostatics.net/articles/static_build_up_on_people.htm
Why static charge builds up on people See also Charge can often build-up on people and reach levels that give uncomfortable shocks. Dry air humidity encourages
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static charge build-up, and under dry external conditions the atmosphere in a building can become even drier. Electrostatic charge build-up can be far worse under these conditions. In the UK the worst case is often in winter (January to March) when cold and dry external air is warmed and brought into the building leading to very dry internal atmospheric conditions. There are a wide range of factors that can affect the amount of electrostatic charge that can build up as a voltage on personnel. Some common major factors include: The floor material and its electrical resistance, and resistance-to-ground Personnel footwear, especially the materials of the shoe sole and its electrical resistance Atmospheric humidity The manner in which a person walks, e.g. scuffing and friction of the shoes against the floor Actions of brushing again
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http://www.esig.org/uploads/documents/87-4-bpg4_final_def2.pdf
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FOREWORD
PART 1 Key recommendations for handling flammable solvents
1.1 INTRODUCTION
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
1.2 KEY RECOMMENDATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
PART 2 Technical aspects of flammability
2.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
2.1.1 Flammability range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
2.1.2 Flash point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
2.1.3 Auto ignition temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
2.1.4 Mists of flammable liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
2.1.5 Minimum ignition energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
2.2 SOURCES OF IGNITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
2.2.1 Flames and smoldering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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http://www.scopemanagement.co.uk
scopemanagement.co.uk
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http://www.arup.com/
We shape a better world
We are a global design and business consulting firm. Outstanding solutions, innovation and value characterise our work. As professional
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consultants we have a vast pool of technical expertise across the world, enabling us to achieve the best possible results for our clients.
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